Gerard Fries

Slide1:  CO2 from capture to storage Gérard FRIES Executive Vice-President Institut Français du Pétrole Evolution of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere :  Evolution of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere Source : IPCC PPM Scenarios of Carbon Emission Evolution:  Scenarios of Carbon Emission Evolution Source : IPCC Repartition of CO2 emissions:  Repartition of CO2 emissions Power production 39% Other Industries 22% Transport 23% Agriculture 2% Residential 10% Tertiary 4% Source : ENERDATA Solutions:  Solutions Improving energy efficiency Switch from low to high hydrogen content fossil fuels (from coal to natural gas) Substitution of fossil fuels by renewables and/or nuclear energy Capture, transport and storage of CO2 CO2 capture from industrial plants:  Fuel Combustion CO2 Extraction CO2 Flue gases Air N2/H2O CO2 capture from industrial plants Existing plants Large volume of gases with diluted CO2 Post-combustion capture CO2 capture from industrial plants:  Oxyfuel combustion CO2 capture from industrial plants New plants Lower volume of gases with concentrated CO2 CO2 capture from industrial plants:  Air H2 N2/H2O CO2 Steam reforming ATR POx Shift reactor Extraction CO2 Combustion Fuel CO2 capture from industrial plants New plants The way to hydrogen Pre-combustion capture ATR : autothermal reforming POx : partial oxidation 02/H20 Hydrogen and power generation with CO2 capture and storage:  Hydrogen and power generation with CO2 capture and storage Transport of CO2:  Transport of CO2  no specific regulation  transport under supercritical phase  risks of corrosion USA: several thousand of km of pipes delivering CO2 to EOR (Enhance Oil Recovery) operations CO2 geological storage:  CO2 geological storage CO2 geological storage:  CO2 geological storage Hydrocarbon reservoirs (oil and gas)  proven to be tight (to non reactive gas)  geological traps  well-known objects  possible benefit through Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery (EOR / EGR) Saline Aquifers  huge porous volume: the biggest place for storage  no drinkable water  largely distributed  generally poorly investigated Coals seams  strong adsorption of CO2  possible benefit through E Coal Bed Methane (ECBM)  low permeability and porous volume Geological storage: technical challenges:  Geological storage: technical challenges Numerical modelling: regional scale, long time (1000 years) reservoir scale, short time (20-40 years) Monitoring An example of industrial operation: Sleipner:  An example of industrial operation: Sleipner An example of industrial operation: Sleipner:  An example of industrial operation: Sleipner Main opportunities:  Main opportunities IEA-GHG Some future initiatives for CO2 capture & storage in Europe & mediterranean basin:  Some future initiatives for CO2 capture & storage in Europe & mediterranean basin CASTOR EU project: - Spain: offshore oil reservoir (Casablanca) - Norway: offshore aquifer (Snohvit) - Austria: offshore gas field (Lindach) - Netherlands: gas fields CO2SINK EU project: - Germany: onshore aquifer (Berlin) IN-SALAH (Algeria) RECOPOL EU project: - Poland: coal seams (Katowice) Possible new project: - Tarnow: EOR Capture & sorage of CO2: economic issues:  Capture & sorage of CO2: economic issues Flue gases Separation transport Geological storage 30 - 50 $/t 8 - 10 $/t 0.7 - 4 $/t per 100 km 2 - 8 $/t Compression Injection Cost reduction Evaluation of capacity 20 $/t ? Total : 40 $/t to 70 $/t CO2 CO2 capture & storage: the future:  Cost reduction Optimisation of storage capacity Security of the storage Acceptance of the concept R&D efforts Improve the knowledge on physical and chemical processes for CO2 storage Real-site validation / demonstration Development of new cost effective separation techniques The targets CO2 capture & storage: the future Future prospects and opportunities:  Future prospects and opportunities Eliminate gas flaring Produce hydrogen, power and clean fuels without CO2 emissions Use CO2 for EOR applications: specially the North Sea Benefits from emissions credits for CO2 reinjection