Published on May 7, 2009
Author: CCextension
Source: slideshare.net
Right Plant, Right Place Landscape Design Principles Planning Site Analysis Plant Selection Trees Palms Shrubs Lawns Turf Alternatives Natives Author: Rebecca McNair
Key to Success Proper planning and plant selection: Can avoid problems later Can save energy, effort, water, money, etc. Makes the landscape more enjoyable
Proper planning and plant selection:
Can avoid problems later
Can save energy, effort, water, money, etc.
Makes the landscape more enjoyable
Plan First, Plant Once This is a process, not a one-time event! Have a plan! Know the plants and what they require to thrive Utilize regional gardening books and magazines Consult with your UF County Extension Office Ask qualified nursery professionals for advice
This is a process, not a one-time event!
Have a plan!
Know the plants and what they require to thrive
Utilize regional gardening books and magazines
Consult with your UF County Extension Office
Ask qualified nursery professionals for advice
How Do You Currently Use Your Property? Family Activities? Pets? Outdoor entertainment? Low-maintenance? Do you like wildlife? Is there a view you want to hide or enhance?
Family Activities?
Pets?
Outdoor entertainment?
Low-maintenance?
Do you like wildlife?
Is there a view you want to hide or enhance?
What are the site characteristics? Soil Sand, silt, clay, Organic materials pH Light Sun or shade Drainage Wet or dry Drainage patterns Structures and obstructions Utility lines (overhead and underground) Sidewalks / driveways
Soil
Sand, silt, clay,
Organic materials
pH
Light
Sun or shade
Drainage
Wet or dry
Drainage patterns
Structures and obstructions
Utility lines (overhead and underground)
Sidewalks / driveways
Know Your Plants What is the mature size of the plant? Does it grow well in sun or shade? Does it tolerate flooded conditions? Is it salt tolerant? Is it susceptible to pests which may be difficult to control? Helianthus debilis Beach Daisy
What is the mature size of the plant?
Does it grow well in sun or shade?
Does it tolerate flooded conditions?
Is it salt tolerant?
Is it susceptible to pests which may be difficult to control?
Selecting Plants Be familiar with botanical names Binomial nomenclature - a species name has 2 parts: Genus and specific epithet Buy healthy plants Look for new growth Roots are white and fibrous Avoid pot bound plants Avoid diseased or insect infested plants Jerusalem Thorn Parkinsonia aculeata Genus Specific epithet
Be familiar with botanical names
Binomial nomenclature - a species name has 2 parts:
Genus and specific epithet
Buy healthy plants
Look for new growth
Roots are white and fibrous
Avoid pot bound plants
Avoid diseased or insect infested plants
Genus
Engage The Senses Scent Fragrant flowers, aromatic plants or mulch Be mindful of allergens Sound Running water, wind chimes Touch Fuzzy, waxy, smooth Taste Edible fruits, herbs The sound of running water attracts wildlife.
Scent
Fragrant flowers, aromatic plants or mulch
Be mindful of allergens
Sound
Running water, wind chimes
Touch
Fuzzy, waxy, smooth
Taste
Edible fruits, herbs
Trees in the Landscape Provide shade Increase property values Add color Add texture Attract wildlife Provide a framework for the rest of the landscape Quercus virginiana Live Oak
Provide shade
Increase property values
Add color
Add texture
Attract wildlife
Provide a framework for the rest of the landscape
Factors to Consider Most trees DO NOT have taproots Tree roots grow OUT, not down 80 - 90% of a tree root system is found in the upper 18 - 24 inches of the soil. Roots of trees and shrubs grow to about 3 times the branch spread. Incorrect Correct
Most trees DO NOT have taproots
Tree roots grow OUT, not down
80 - 90% of a tree root system is found in the upper 18 - 24 inches of the soil.
Roots of trees and shrubs grow to about 3 times the branch spread.
Trees Trees growing in commercial settings live an average of 13 years Trees in residential areas average 37 years Trees in rural, undisturbed sites average 150 years Some species live longer than others Rapid growth results in weaker wood and shorter lifespan Quercus nigra The Water Oak is a relatively short-lived tree.
Trees growing in commercial settings live an average of 13 years
Trees in residential areas average 37 years
Trees in rural, undisturbed sites average 150 years
Some species live longer than others
Rapid growth results in weaker wood and shorter lifespan
Urban Influences Compacted soils Over-pruning Limited space for roots Improper staking Mechanical injuries Construction Pedestrian and vehicle abuse Improper planting Improper fertilization
Compacted soils
Over-pruning
Limited space for roots
Improper staking
Mechanical injuries
Construction
Pedestrian and vehicle abuse
Improper planting
Improper fertilization
Construction Issues Changing the soil grade by as little as 6 inches can seriously damage a tree When building, remove a tree that cannot be adequately protected and plant several younger, healthy trees When in doubt, consult an arborist!
Changing the soil grade by as little as 6 inches can seriously damage a tree
When building, remove a tree that cannot be adequately protected and plant several younger, healthy trees
When in doubt, consult an arborist!
More Factors to Consider Trees damaged by construction may not initially show symptoms and may decline slowly for many years Topping a tree can create a dangerous situation Trees which are subjected to stress are more susceptible to insects and diseases Tree paints do not prevent insects or diseases
Trees damaged by construction may not initially show symptoms and may decline slowly for many years
Topping a tree can create a dangerous situation
Trees which are subjected to stress are more susceptible to insects and diseases
Tree paints do not prevent insects or diseases
Selecting the Right Place For a Tree Know the mature size Provide adequate space Trees should be planted at least 15 ft from the foundation of a home! Avoid overhead power lines Quercus laurifolia Laurel Oak
Know the mature size
Provide adequate space
Trees should be planted at least 15 ft from the foundation of a home!
Avoid overhead power lines
Tree Planting Tips Dig the plant hole the same depth as the root ball and 2 to 3 times wider Do not amend the backfill soil Apply 3 to 4 inches of mulch around the tree to retain moisture, but avoid contact with the stem or trunk Water regularly until established
Dig the plant hole the same depth as the root ball and 2 to 3 times wider
Do not amend the backfill soil
Apply 3 to 4 inches of mulch around the tree to retain moisture, but
avoid contact with the
stem or trunk
Water regularly
until established
Transplanting Container-grown or “hardened-off” balled and burlapped trees can be planted any time of year Research indicates that establishment time can increase 1-2 months/ inch of trunk diameter
Container-grown or “hardened-off” balled and burlapped trees can be planted any time of year
Research indicates that establishment time can increase 1-2 months/ inch of trunk diameter
Fertilizing New Trees Avoid fertilizing a tree until it is established Proper irrigation is important Fertilize 4-6 weeks after planting Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Poplar
Avoid fertilizing a tree until it is established
Proper irrigation is important
Fertilize 4-6 weeks
after planting
Palms Are Different! Palms have only ONE terminal growing point Palms do not increase in diameter as they mature Palm roots grow longer but do not increase in diameter Many palms are harvested from the wild Transplant palms in spring and summer Acoelorraphe wrightii Paurotis Palm
Palms have only ONE terminal growing point
Palms do not increase in diameter as they mature
Palm roots grow longer but do not increase in diameter
Many palms are harvested from the wild
Transplant palms in spring and summer
Shrubs Shrubs are woody plants usually with multiple trunks and branches arising from near the roots They provide structure, texture and color to a landscape Many shrubs can be pruned to form hedges and topiary figures Serenoa repens Saw Palmetto
Shrubs are woody plants usually with multiple trunks and branches arising from near the roots
They provide structure, texture and color to a landscape
Many shrubs can be pruned to form hedges and topiary figures
Keep It Simple Don’t plant shrubs too close together. Space them according to how far they will spread. Plant in large groups for continuity and increased visual impact Don’t place too many different species in the same area Strelitzia reginae Bird of Paradise has a clumping habit; in time, it will fill an area.
Don’t plant shrubs too close together. Space them according to how far they will spread.
Plant in large groups for continuity and increased visual impact
Don’t place too many different species in the same area
Planting Shrubs Plant in beds Incorporate organic matter in the bed Group according to water and maintenance needs Apply 3 to 4 inches of mulch, but do not allow mulch to rest against the plant stems
Plant in beds
Incorporate organic matter in the bed
Group according to water and maintenance needs
Apply 3 to 4 inches of mulch, but do not allow mulch to rest against the plant stems
Major Turfgrass Species in Florida St. Augustinegrass The most popular Bahiagrass Very drought tolerant Seashore paspalum Very salt tolerant Bermudagrass Used on golf courses Centipedegrass Common in the Panhandle Bahiagrass Bermudagrass St. Augustinegrass
St. Augustinegrass
The most popular
Bahiagrass
Very drought tolerant
Seashore paspalum
Very salt tolerant
Bermudagrass
Used on golf courses
Centipedegrass
Common in the Panhandle
St. Augustinegrass- Varieties Floratam Poor shade and cold -tolerance Coarse texture Resistant to chinch bugs Reddish colored stolons Sheds foliage coming out of dormancy Excellent heat tolerance Best mowed at 3 - 4 inches Delmar Improved shade- tolerance Dwarf variety Good cold- tolerance Susceptible to chinch bugs and sod webworms Slow growth means it takes longer to establish Mow at 2.5 - 4 inches
Floratam
Poor shade and cold -tolerance
Coarse texture
Resistant to chinch bugs
Reddish colored stolons
Sheds foliage coming out of dormancy
Excellent heat tolerance
Best mowed at 3 - 4 inches
Delmar
Improved shade- tolerance
Dwarf variety
Good cold- tolerance
Susceptible to chinch bugs and sod webworms
Slow growth means it takes longer to establish
Mow at 2.5 - 4 inches
A Shady Spot Even the shade tolerant varieties will do well only up to about 50% shade.
St. Augustinegrass Varieties for Semi-Shade Bitterblue Improved cold- and shade-tolerance Finer, denser texture than Floratam Susceptible to chinch bugs Darker green than other varieties Mow at 3 - 4 inches Seville Does well in partial shade Semi-dwarf type, mow at 2 - 3 inches Susceptible to chinch bugs (more in sun than in shade) More prone to thatch formation than other varieties
Bitterblue
Improved cold- and shade-tolerance
Finer, denser texture than Floratam
Susceptible to chinch bugs
Darker green than other varieties
Mow at 3 - 4 inches
Seville
Does well in partial shade
Semi-dwarf type, mow at 2 - 3 inches
Susceptible to chinch bugs (more in sun than in shade)
More prone to thatch formation than other varieties
Drought Tolerant Varieties Seashore paspalum ‘ SeaIsle 1’ Excellent salt and drought tolerance Tolerates flooding and some shade Fine textured, dense, dark green growth Disease and pest resistant Moderate thatch Mow at 1 – 2 inches Bahiagrass Argentine Good cold and drought tolerance Poor salt and shade tolerance Coarse textured, dense growth Dormant in winter Wear tolerant Mow at 3 - 4 inches
Seashore paspalum
‘ SeaIsle 1’
Excellent salt and drought tolerance
Tolerates flooding and some shade
Fine textured, dense, dark green growth
Disease and pest resistant
Moderate thatch
Mow at 1 – 2 inches
Bahiagrass
Argentine
Good cold and drought tolerance
Poor salt and shade tolerance
Coarse textured, dense growth
Dormant in winter
Wear tolerant
Mow at 3 - 4 inches
Turf areas should be functional and easy to maintain!
Turf areas should be functional and easy to maintain!
Alternatives To Turf Landscaping beds require less effort and cost less to maintain than turf Consider low-maintenance ground covers, mulched landscape beds, and pathways
Landscaping beds require less effort and cost less to maintain than turf
Consider low-maintenance ground covers, mulched landscape beds, and pathways
Native Plants Native Plants are adapted to Florida’s environment Many non-native species are also appropriate for a “Florida-Friendly Landscape” Visit garden stores and ask about low maintenance and native plants Association of Florida Native Nurseries www.afnn.org Search for a specific plant and locate the native plant nurseries that sell it! www.floridata.com Zamia floridana Coontie
Native Plants are adapted to Florida’s environment
Many non-native species are also appropriate for a “Florida-Friendly Landscape”
Visit garden stores and ask
about low maintenance
and native plants
Association of Florida Native Nurseries
www.afnn.org
Search for a specific plant and locate the native plant nurseries that sell it!
A Few Natives Rhapidophyllum hystrix Needle Palm Passiflora edulis Passion Vine Calicarpa americana Beautyberry www.floridata.com Erythrina herbacea Cherokee Bean
Environmentally Friendly Landscaping Your yard is an integral part of the protection and preservation of Florida’s environment.
Your yard is an integral part of the protection and preservation of Florida’s environment.
The collective decisions we make about our landscapes have a profound impact on the quality of surface and ground water supplies, and ultimately, our quality of life.
With a little thought, our landscapes can combine beauty, function and environmental protection.
Further Reading http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Circular 536 Basic Principles of Landscape Design ENH-15 Budgeting For a Better Landscape ENH-25 Native Florida Plants for Home Landscapes SS-ENH-901 Botany Handbook for Florida, Revised Edition
Circular 536 Basic Principles of Landscape Design
ENH-15 Budgeting For a Better Landscape
ENH-25 Native Florida Plants for Home Landscapes
SS-ENH-901 Botany Handbook for Florida, Revised Edition
Thanks for your attention! The following presentation was made possible through a grant from FL DEP and EPA. Special thanks to the following reviewers for their valued contributions: FL114 ELM Design Team and the FYN Subcommittee Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, UF Agriculture Education and Communication Department Environmental Horticulture Department Entomology and Nematology Department Soil and Water Sciences Department Florida Cooperative Extension Service in: Alachua, Broward, Clay, Hillsborough, Lake, Miami-Dade, Orange, Pinellas, Sarasota, and Volusia Counties Florida Organics Recycling Center for Excellence The Center For Wetlands, UF United States Department of Agriculture FL Department of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences: Division of Plant Industry
The following presentation was made possible through a grant from FL DEP and EPA. Special thanks to the following reviewers for their valued contributions:
FL114 ELM Design Team and the FYN Subcommittee
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, UF
Agriculture Education and Communication Department
Environmental Horticulture Department
Entomology and Nematology Department
Soil and Water Sciences Department
Florida Cooperative Extension Service in: Alachua, Broward, Clay, Hillsborough, Lake, Miami-Dade, Orange, Pinellas, Sarasota, and Volusia Counties
Florida Organics Recycling Center for Excellence
The Center For Wetlands, UF
United States Department of Agriculture
FL Department of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences: Division of Plant Industry
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