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Turkey, at the gate of Europe.What are the implications internationally and for New Zealand?:  Turkey, at the gate of Europe. What are the implications internationally and for New Zealand? Theories FunctionalismNeo-functionalismIntergovernmentalismLiberal intergovernmentalism :  Theories   Functionalism Neo-functionalism Intergovernmentalism Liberal intergovernmentalism   . Historical Background of EU-Turkish RelationsThe Ankara Agreement 1963“Turkey is a part of Europe” The Customs Union 1995 Turkey became the single candidate state with a Customs Union preceding a full membership with the EU The Luxembourg SummitMarked the lowest point in the relations between Turkey and the EU The Helsinki summitAn event that opened a new chapter in relations between Turkey and the EU The Copenhagen summitCommission determines that Turkey has met the Copenhagen political criteria it will begin the accession negotiations with Turkey “without delay” October 3, 2005 :  . Historical Background of EU-Turkish Relations The Ankara Agreement 1963 “Turkey is a part of Europe” The Customs Union 1995 Turkey became the single candidate state with a Customs Union preceding a full membership with the EU The Luxembourg Summit Marked the lowest point in the relations between Turkey and the EU The Helsinki summit An event that opened a new chapter in relations between Turkey and the EU The Copenhagen summit Commission determines that Turkey has met the Copenhagen political criteria it will begin the accession negotiations with Turkey “without delay” October 3, 2005   EU Enlargement Policy 1973, UK, Ireland and Denmark 1981, Greece was welcomed1986, Spain and Portugal1995, Austria, Finland and Sweden2004, EEC, Malta and Cyprus Every single one of these enlargements generated:fears about its effect on the EC/EU identity and performance, uncertainties about the economic insufficiency of some candidate states, created problematic debates about its influence on the Community/Union’s cohesion and political stability. :  EU Enlargement Policy 1973, UK, Ireland and Denmark 1981, Greece was welcomed 1986, Spain and Portugal 1995, Austria, Finland and Sweden 2004, EEC, Malta and Cyprus Every single one of these enlargements generated: fears about its effect on the EC/EU identity and performance, uncertainties about the economic insufficiency of some candidate states, created problematic debates about its influence on the Community/Union’s cohesion and political stability. Implications for the EU Helmut Kohl “the EU is a civilisational project in which Turkey has no place” Valery Giscard d’Estaing “Its capital is not in Europe, 95 percent of its population lives outside Europe, it is not a European country (Turkish accession to the EU) would be the end of Europe” Jack Straw, 3 October 2005 “truly historic day for Europe and the whole of the international community”, there is a “long road ahead” for Turkey but “if bringing Turkey in is the prize, it is worth fighting” :  Implications for the EU Helmut Kohl “the EU is a civilisational project in which Turkey has no place” Valery Giscard d’Estaing “Its capital is not in Europe, 95 percent of its population lives outside Europe, it is not a European country (Turkish accession to the EU) would be the end of Europe” Jack Straw, 3 October 2005 “truly historic day for Europe and the whole of the international community”, there is a “long road ahead” for Turkey but “if bringing Turkey in is the prize, it is worth fighting”   Implications for TurkeyThe Turkish Military“Europeans will want Turkey to move towards a political system that resembles their own, in which parliament, and not generals, decide on the size of the defence budget.” The Cyprus Question“peaceful settlement of border disputes in accordance with the United Nations Charter.” The Kurdish QuestionCopenhagen political criteria is the requirement of respect for and protection of minority groups by the candidate state Strategic arguments Turkey’s “strong card in an otherwise weak hand” Economic arguments :    Implications for Turkey The Turkish Military “Europeans will want Turkey to move towards a political system that resembles their own, in which parliament, and not generals, decide on the size of the defence budget.” The Cyprus Question “peaceful settlement of border disputes in accordance with the United Nations Charter.” The Kurdish Question Copenhagen political criteria is the requirement of respect for and protection of minority groups by the candidate state Strategic arguments Turkey’s “strong card in an otherwise weak hand” Economic arguments   Implications for New ZealandIn 2000, which marked the 85th anniversary of the Gallipoli events, the Anzac site in Turkey was visited by 100,000 New Zealanders and Australians.M. Gibbons“If Turkey joins the EU, this will have major positive future implications for NZ”  :  Implications for New Zealand In 2000, which marked the 85th anniversary of the Gallipoli events, the Anzac site in Turkey was visited by 100,000 New Zealanders and Australians. M. Gibbons “If Turkey joins the EU, this will have major positive future implications for NZ”